Impact of an Educational Intervention Aimed at Nursing Staff on Oral Hygiene Care on the Incidence of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Adults Ventilated in Intensive Care Unit.

OBJECTIVES: This work sought to evaluate the impact of an educational intervention on oral hygiene care aimed at nursing care staff, on the incidence of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP) in adults from an ICU in Colombia. METHODS: Quasi-experimental study pre- and post-educational intervention aimed at nursing staff in which theoretical-practical sessions were conducted during 12 weeks to explain different oral hygiene techniques according to the oral conditions of patients. The study gathered sociodemographic, clinical, and characteristic variables of the oral and dental care received. The VAP was diagnosed according with international criteria. RESULTS: The educational intervention received participation from 60 individuals (40 nurses and 20 nursing aides), 80% were women. The work collected data from 171 patients, 70 (40.9%) cared for after the educational intervention. Daily oral and dental care by the staff increased from 29.6% to 92.8% after the intervention. Although the accumulated incidence of VAP diminished from 8.9% to 2.8% and the rate of incidence dropped from 9 to 3.5 cases per 1,000 days of intubation, these changes were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: The educational intervention aimed at the nursing staff in oral care reduced the incidence of VAP in adults connected to ventilator in ICU; although this decrease was not statistically significant, it was a clinically relevant result for the institution, which is why it is necessary to continue the educational strategies on oral health studied in this staff.

Impact of an Educational Intervention Aimed at Nursing Staff on Oral Hygiene Care on the Incidence of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Adults Ventilated in Intensive Care Unit / Impacto de una intervención educativa dirigida a personal de enfermería sobre los cuidados de higiene oral en la incidencia de neumonía asociada a ventilador en adultos en Unidad de Cuidado Intensivo / Impacto de uma intervenção educativa dirigida à equipe de enfermagem sobre os cuidados de higiene bucal na incidência de pneumonia associada à ventilação mecânica em adultos ventilados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva

Objective. This work sought to evaluate the impact of an educational intervention on oral hygiene care aimed at nursing care staff, on the incidence of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP) in adults from an ICU in Colombia. Methods. Quasi-experimental study pre- and post-educational intervention aimed at nursing staff in which theoretical-practical sessions were conducted during 12 weeks to explain different oral hygiene techniques according to the oral conditions of patients. The study gathered sociodemographic, clinical, and characteristic variables of the oral and dental care received. The VAP was diagnosed according with international criteria. Results. The educational intervention received participation from 60 individuals (40 nurses and 20 nursing aides), 80% were women. The work collected data from 171 patients, 70 (40.9%) cared for after the educational intervention. Daily oral and dental care by the staff increased from 29.6% to 92.8% after the intervention. Although the accumulated incidence of VAP diminished from 8.9% to 2.8% and the rate of incidence dropped from 9 to 3.5 cases per 1,000 days of intubation, these changes were not statistically significant. Conclusion. The educational intervention aimed at the nursing staff in oral care reduced the incidence of VAP in adults connected to ventilator in ICU; although this decrease was not statistically significant, it was a clinically relevant result for the institution, which is why it is necessary to continue the educational strategies on oral health studied in this staff.

Objetivo. Evaluar el impacto de una intervención educativa sobre los cuidados de higiene oral dirigida a personal asistencial de enfermería, en la incidencia de Neumonia Asociada a Ventilador (NAV) en adultos de una UCI en un hospital de Pereira, Colombia. Métodos. Estudio cuasiexperimental pre y posintervención educativa dirigida a personal de enfermería en la que se realizaron sesiones teórico-prácticas durante 12 semanas para explicar diferentes técnicas de higiene oral según la condición bucal de los pacientes. Se recolectaron variables sociodemográficas, clínicas y características de la atención bucodental recibida. Se diagnosticó la NAV de acuerdo con criterios internacionales. Resultados. En la intervención educativa participaron 60 personas (40 enfermeros y 20 auxiliares de enfermería), 80% eran mujeres. Se recolectaron datos de 171 pacientes, 70 (40.9%) atendidos después de la intervención educativa. La atención bucodental diaria por parte del personal se incrementó de 29.6% a 92.8%, después de la intervención. Aunque la incidencia acumulada de NAV disminuyó de 8.9% a 2.8% y la tasa de incidencia bajó de 9 a 3.5 casos por 1000 días de intubación, estos cambios no fueron estadísticamente significantes. Conclusión. La intervención educativa dirigida al personal de enfermería en cuidado oral redujo la incidencia de NAV en los adultos conectados a ventilador en UCI; si bien esta disminución no fue estadísticamente significativa, sí fue un resultado clínicamente relevante para la institución, por lo que deben continuarse las estrategias educativas estudiadas en salud bucal.

Objetivo. Avaliar o impacto de uma intervenção educacional sobre cuidados de higiene bucal dirigida a profissionais de enfermagem sobre a incidência de Pneumonia Associada à Ventilação (PAV) em adultos ventilados em uma UTI na Colômbia. Métodos. Estudo quase experimental antes e após intervenção educativa dirigido a trabalhadores de enfermagem em que foram realizadas sessões teórico-práticas durante 12 semanas para explicar as diferentes técnicas de higiene bucal de acordo com a condição bucal dos pacientes. Foram coletadas variáveis sociodemográficas, clínicas e características dos cuidados bucais recebidos. A PAV foi diagnosticada de acordo com critérios internacionais. Resultados. Na intervenção educativa, participaram 60 pessoas (40 enfermeiras e 20 auxiliares de enfermagem), 80% eram mulheres. Os dados foram coletados de 171 pacientes, 70 (40.9%) compareceram após a intervenção educativa. A higiene bucal diária pela equipe aumentou de 29,6% para 92.8% após a intervenção. Embora a incidência cumulativa de VAP tenha diminuído de 8.9% para 2.8% e a taxa de incidência tenha diminuído de 9 para 3,5 casos por 1000 dias de intubação, essas alterações não foram estatisticamente significativas. Conclusão. A intervenção educativa direcionada à equipe de enfermagem em higiene bucal reduziu a incidência de PAV em adultos conectados a um ventilador na UTI; embora essa redução não tenha sido estatisticamente significativa, foi um resultado clinicamente relevante para a instituição, portanto, as estratégias educacionais em saúde bucal estudadas nessas pessoas devem ser mantidas.

Impact of the Film Array Meningitis/Encephalitis panel in adults with meningitis and encephalitis in Colombia.

The Biofire® Film Array Meningitis Encephalitis (FAME) panel can rapidly diagnose common aetiologies but its impact in Colombia is unknown. A retrospective study of adults with CNS infections in one tertiary hospital in Colombia. The cohort was divided into two time periods: before and after the implementation of the Biofire® FAME panel in May 2016. A total of 98 patients were enrolled, 52 and 46 were enrolled in the Standard of Care (SOC) group and in the FAME group, respectively. The most common comorbidity was human immunodeficiency virus infection (47.4%). The median time to a change in therapy was significantly shorter in the FAME group than in the SOC group (3 vs. 137.3 h, P < 0.001). This difference was driven by the timing to appropriate therapy (2.1 vs. 195 h, P < 0.001) by identifying viral aetiologies. Overall outcomes and length of stay were no different between both groups (P > 0.2). The FAME panel detected six aetiologies that had negative cultures but missed identifying one patient with Cryptococcus neoformans. The introduction of the Biofire FAME panel in Colombia has facilitated the identification of viral pathogens and has significantly reduced the time to the adjustment of empirical antimicrobial therapy.

Association between oral health, pneumonia and mortality in patients of intensive care.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Los pacientes con ventilación mecánica corren riesgo de adquirir neumonía cuando la higiene bucodental es deficiente, a causa de la colonización bacteriana del tracto respiratorio. Se sugiere verificar esta asociación para implementar acciones de prevención. OBJETIVO: Identificar la asociación entre el estado de salud bucal, la neumonía asociada a ventilador y la mortalidad en pacientes con ventilación mecánica en un hospital de tercer nivel de Pereira, Colombia. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal realizado entre mayo y septiembre de 2018. Pacientes mayores de 18 años con ventilación mecánica > 48 horas. Se excluyeron casos con diagnóstico de neumonía previo a la intubación endotraqueal, traqueostomía y broncoaspiración. Se midieron variables sociodemográficas, referentes al cuidado bucal, clínicas y propias de la estancia hospitalaria, además del examen odontológico. Se emplearon análisis univariado, bivariado y multivariado de ajuste. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 99 pacientes con mediana de edad de 56 años; el 41.4% eran de sexo femenino. El diagnóstico de ingreso más frecuente fue trauma craneoencefálico. El 75% de la población evaluada presentó al menos 26 dientes perdidos por caries; los hallazgos más prevalentes fueron queilitis, úlceras y periodontitis. Se diagnosticaron nueve casos de neumonía (9.1%). La úlcera bucal (odds ratio ajustada [ORa] = 14.3; intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC95%]: 1.5-137), la periodontitis (ORa = 5,4; IC95%: 1.0-28.1) y la enfermedad renal crónica (ORa = 10; IC95%: 1.4-71-7) derivaron de neumonía asociada a ventilador, mientras que la apertura bucal ≤ 35 mm (OR cruda = 5.3; IC95% = 2.1-13.5) presentó asociación no ajustada con la mortalidad intrahospitalaria. CONCLUSIONES: Son convenientes los cuidados de higiene bucal en los pacientes con ventilación mecánica. Convendría mantener bajo vigilancia a los pacientes con úlcera bucal, periodontitis e insuficiencia renal, por el riesgo de neumonía. BACKGROUND: Patients mechanically ventilated, are under potential risk of acquiring pneumonia, when there is poor oral hygiene, and due to bacterial colonization of respiratory tract. It is required to verify the association among oral health, mechanical ventilation and pneumonia to implement effective prevention. OBJECTIVE: Identify the association between oral health conditions with ventilator-associated pneumonia, and mortality in patients with mechanical ventilation in a third-level hospital in Pereira, Colombia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study performed between May and September 2018. Patients older than 18 years with mechanical ventilation over 48 hours were evaluated. Cases of diagnosed pneumonia prior to endotracheal intubation, tracheostomy, bronchial aspiration were excluded. Measured variables: sociodemographic, clinical and characteristics of hospital stay, dental examination and conditions related to oral care. Univariate, bivariate and adjusted multivariate analysis were performed. RESULTS: 99 patients with median age of 56 years were included; 41.4% female. Most frequent admission diagnosis was traumatic brain injury. 75% of evaluated population had at least, 26 teeth lost due to caries; most prevalent findings were cheilitis, ulcers, periodontitis. Nine cases of pneumonia were diagnosed (9.1%). Oral ulcer (adjusted odds ratio [Ora] = 14.3; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.5-137), ­periodontitis (ORa = 5.4; 95% CI: 1.0-28.1) and chronic kidney disease (ORa = 10; 95% CI: 1.4-71.7), derived from ventilator-associated pneumonia; while mouth opening ≤ 35 mm (OR: 5.3; 95%CI = 2.1-13.5) had an unadjusted association with in-hospital mortality. CONCLUSIONS: It is required to implement oral hygiene care in patients treated with mechanical ventilation. Patients with mouth ulcer, periodontitis, kidney failure should be especially monitored for the risk of pneumonia.